12Axes
Thinker

Murray Bookchin

An American thinker, Bookchin created social ecology and communalism, defending autonomous municipalities, direct democracy, and harmony with nature, influencing radical environmentalism and the Rojava experiment.

1921–2006
Portrait: Murray Bookchin
Wikimedia Commons / Wikipédia

Profile across the 12 axes

How Murray Bookchin positions on each of the 12 political dimensions measured by 12 Axes.

Structure

Very strong - Federal
Federal 88%
Unitary 13%

Representation

Strong - Democracy
Democracy 83%
Autocracy 18%

Power

Strong - Liberty
Security 16%
Liberty 84%

Immigration

Strong - Multiculturalism
Assimilation 15%
Multiculturalism 85%

Diplomacy

Strong - Pacifist
Militarist 16%
Pacifist 84%

Intervention

Strong - Non-interventionist
Non-interventionist 83%
Nationalist 18%

Economy

Very strong - Public
Public 89%
Private 11%

Control

Strong - Planning
Planning 78%
Free market 23%

Trade

Strong - Protectionism
Protectionism 79%
Globalism 21%

Religion

Strong - Irreligious
Irreligious 83%
Religious 18%

Morality

Strong - Progressive
Progressive 81%
Traditionalist 19%

Technology

Leaning - Biology
Technology 33%
Biology 68%
Anarchist Communalism Model created by Murray Bookchin based on autonomous municipalities and federated popular assemblies, with a community… Left Ecofeminism Current that links the exploitation of nature to the oppression of women, holding that overcoming patriarchy and… Anarchist Green Anarchism Current that unites anarchism and radical ecology, defending decentralized, sustainable communities without a state or… Anarchist Techno-Anarchism Technological anarchism that proposes abolishing the state through automation, abundant energy, decentralized…

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