Structure
Federal
38%
Unitary
63%
Political philosopher
Benjamin Constant
Franco-Swiss theorist of liberalism, Constant distinguished the liberty of the ancients from that of the moderns, denounced unlimited popular sovereignty as the origin of the Terror, and defended individual rights, a free press and constitutional monarchy with a property-based franchise.
Profile across the 12 axes
How Benjamin Constant positions on each of the 12 political dimensions measured by 12 Axes.
Leaning - Unitary
Representation
Democracy
53%
Autocracy
48%
Power
Security
23%
Liberty
78%
Immigration
Assimilation
40%
Multiculturalism
60%
Diplomacy
Militarist
25%
Pacifist
75%
Intervention
Non-interventionist
65%
Nationalist
35%
Economy
Public
35%
Private
65%
Control
Planning
34%
Free market
66%
Trade
Protectionism
28%
Globalism
73%
Religion
Irreligious
58%
Religious
43%
Morality
Progressive
55%
Traditionalist
45%
Technology
Technology
60%
Biology
40%
Associated ideologies
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